What characterizes an involuntary lien?

An involuntary lien is characterized by being imposed without the property's owner's consent. This means that the lien is established as a result of a legal process or specific circumstances, rather than an agreement or voluntary action taken by the owner. Examples include tax liens, judgment liens, and mechanics' liens, which arise from unpaid debts or obligations related to the property.

This distinct nature of involuntary liens serves to protect the rights of creditors, ensuring they can recover debts owed to them even when the debtor does not proactively agree to any such encumbrance. The other options describe aspects that either imply consent or convenience rather than the lack thereof, which further highlights the unique trait of involuntary liens.