What type of encumbrance affects the usability of property but doesn't destroy ownership?

An easement serves as a key type of encumbrance that affects the usability of property while leaving the ownership intact. It grants a specific right to another party, allowing them to use a portion of the property for a particular purpose, such as accessing their property through a shared driveway or allowing utility companies to place lines.

The significance of an easement lies in its ability to limit how the property owner can use their land without completely revoking ownership. Property owners still retain their rights, but they must adhere to the terms of the easement, which can influence their property’s usability. This contrasts with other choices, such as a mortgage, which is a financial encumbrance that does not directly interfere with the land's utility but creates obligations tied to repayment. Tax liens and foreclosure processes also represent more severe actions that can lead to loss of ownership and do not merely restrict usability.

Overall, the easement is uniquely characterized by its allowance for continued ownership and coexistence with the rights of others, thus making it a significant feature in property law and land use.